| Title: | Comparison of measured and simulated phosphorus losses with indexed site vulnerability |
| Authors: | Veith, T.L., A.N. Sharpley, J.L. Weld, and W.J. Giburek |
| Year: | 2005 |
| Journal: | Transactions of the ASAE |
| Volume (Issue): | 48(2) |
| Pages: | 557-565 |
| Article ID: | |
| DOI: | 10.13031/2013.18330 |
| URL (non-DOI journals): | http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16771746 |
| Model: | SWAT |
| Broad Application Category: | hydrologic & pollutant |
| Primary Application Category: | pollutant cycling/loss and transport |
| Secondary Application Category: | model comparison |
| Watershed Description: | 39.5 ha FD-36 (southeast Pennslyvania) |
| Calibration Summary: | Monthly (April through Oct. of 1997-2000): r2 = 0.63 E = 0.75 |
| Validation Summary: | |
| General Comments: | SWAT estimates of dissolved and total P were similar to measured values during a 7-month sampling period. 73% of the fields were categorized similarily by SWAT and the Pennslyvania P Index. |
| Abstract: | Nonpoint-source losses of agricultural phosphorus (P) at field and watershed scales must be quantified to facilitate selection and placement of P control measures. Quantification of P loss has been pursued through field monitoring, simulation models, and risk assessment indices. However, the intended users of these methods differ, impacting each method’s functional design and ease-of-use. For example, the Pennsylvania P Index, a risk assessment tool for planners, requires less discipline-specific knowledge and more readily available data than the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a complex, watershed-level, research-based simulation model. This study compared measured losses of P from the outlet of a 39.5 ha mixed land use watershed (FD-36) in south-central Pennsylvania with watershed-level losses predicted by SWAT. Measured watershed exports of dissolved P (0.06 kg ha-1) and total P (0.24 kg ha-1) during the 7-month sampling period were similar in magnitude to SWAT-predicted losses (0.05 and 0.73 kg ha-1, respectively). Additionally, the study compared field-level P losses predicted by SWAT with field-level vulnerabilities to P loss derived by the P Index. The P Index and SWAT categorized 73% of the 22 fields similarly in terms of vulnerability to P loss, with Pearson correlation significant at p = 0.07; all except one of the remaining six fields were over- or underpredicted by a single risk category. Results indicate that while actual P loss from FD-36 was small, three fields contributed a major proportion of this loss. Additionally, this study suggests that the P Index can provide land managers with a reliable assessment of where P loss occurs within a watershed, thus allowing more effective placement and selection of conservation practices, which lead toward improved downstream water quality. |
| Language: | English |
| Keywords: | ETATS DU NORD EST (EU); ETATS DE L'ATLANTIQUE CENTRAL (EU); Amérique; Amérique du Nord; Etats Unis; Pennsylvanie; Phosphore; Ingénierie; Agriculture; Risque; Source diffuse; Modélisation; Echelle spatiale; Vulnérabilité; Indice |